Fly River

The Fly River is a very big river.

It sits on the island of New Guinea. The river flows through two lands. It flows through Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.

The river starts in high mountains. It flows down to the sea. It ends in a wide area called a delta.

Many small islands sit in the water.

A special turtle lives here. It is called the Fly River turtle. It has a nose like a pig. This turtle has flippers to swim. It stays in the water most of the time.

People live on the islands. They grow food like sugar cane. They also hunt for food. It is a busy place for many people.

The river is a grand sight to see.

The Fly River is a very large river.

It sits on the island of New Guinea. It flows through Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. It is the third longest river on the island. The river is very powerful. It has the most water flow in Oceania.

The river starts in the Star Mountains. It flows through low lands. Then it reaches a wide delta. A delta is where a river meets the sea. The delta is shaped like a funnel.

It has many small, swampy islands. These islands have thick plants like mangroves. People live on islands like Kiwai and Domori. They grow food such as sugar cane and sago palm. They also hunt for food.

A special animal lives in the water. The Fly River turtle has a nose like a pig. This turtle has flippers to help it swim. It is the only freshwater turtle with flippers. It stays in the water almost all the time. The river is a very important place for nature and people.

The Fly River is a massive and powerful waterway on the island of New Guinea.

It is the third longest river on the island, following the Sepik and Mamberamo rivers. This river is famous for how much water it carries. It has the largest volume of discharge in Oceania. It is also the largest river in the world that does not have a single dam in its catchment area. This makes it the 23rd-largest primary river in the world by how much water flows through it. The river sits in the southwest of Papua New Guinea and also in the South Papua province of Indonesia.

To understand how the river works, you can look at its many parts. The river begins high up in the Victor Emanuel Range of the Star Mountains. From there, it flows down through the southwestern lowlands. It has two very important tributaries called the Strickland and the Ok Tedi. The Strickland is the largest tributary and flows a long way to join the Fly.

Near the end of its journey, the river meets a tidal bore. This happens when a high tide from the sea pushes water back upstream. This movement of water is a very interesting thing to watch.

People have been exploring this river for a long time. In 1845, a man named Francis Blackwood discovered the river while commanding a ship called the HMS Fly. The river was named after his ship. Later, in 1876, an Italian explorer named Luigi D'Albertis traveled deep into the river. He used a steamer named Neva to go 900 km into the interior.

This was the furthest any European explorer had ever gone into the island at that time. His old survey map helps us see how people first saw the land.

There are many specific facts about the river and its delta. The delta is a huge area where the river meets the Gulf of Papua. It is shaped like a funnel and is over 100 km wide at its entrance.

Inside the delta, there are three main channels that branch out. These channels are separated by islands covered in thick mangrove plants. Some of the largest islands in the delta are Kiwai, Wabuda, and Domori. People live on these islands and grow food like sago palm, breadfruit, and sugar cane. They also hunt for food in the area.

The river is also home to very special living things. One of the most unique animals is the Fly River turtle. It is often called the Pig-nosed turtle because of its unusual nose.

This turtle is the only freshwater turtle that has flippers to help it swim. It is an omnivore, which means it eats both plants and animals, but it rarely eats meat. Most of the time, this turtle stays in the water. The river is a very busy place for nature, with many different plants and animals living together.

The Fly River is a massive and powerful waterway located on the island of New Guinea.

It sits in the southwest of Papua New Guinea and the South Papua province of Indonesia. The river is the third longest on the island, following the Sepik and Mamberamo rivers. It is also the largest river in Oceania by volume of discharge. Remarkably, it is the largest river in the world without a single dam in its catchment area. This makes it the 23rd-largest primary river in the world by discharge volume.

The river system begins high in the mountains. It rises in the Victor Emanuel Range, which is part of the Star Mountains. From these heights, the water flows down through the southwestern lowlands. Eventually, the river reaches the Gulf of Papua, where it forms a large delta. The Fly–Strickland River system is particularly significant. It is the longest river system found on any island in the world. The Strickland River is the largest tributary of the Fly. It also serves as the farthest distance source for the river system.

The river's path also serves as a political boundary. For a small stretch, the Fly River forms the international border between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. This section moves slightly west of the 141°E longitude line. To balance this, the border south of the river sits slightly east of that same line. As part of this territorial arrangement, Indonesia has the right to use the river for navigation all the way to its mouth. The river is fed by several major tributaries, including the Strickland and the Ok Tedi.

Near the mouth of the river, a unique natural phenomenon occurs. The flow of the Fly River encounters a tidal bore. This happens when an incoming high tide pushes seawater upstream against the river's flow. This process continues until the tide changes direction. While this is a powerful event, the exact range of this tidal bore remains undocumented. The river's discharge levels vary greatly depending on the location and time. For example, at the Ogwa station, discharge can range from 2,201 m3/s to 18,214 m3/s.

The Fly River Delta is a world-class example of a tide-dominated delta.

Geologists use this delta as a "type case" or a model to understand ancient rock records. The delta has a distinctive funnel shape in plan view. This shape is caused by the fundamental role of tidal currents in shaping the land. At its entrance, the delta is over 100 km wide. However, it is only 11 km wide at the apex upstream of Kiwai Island. The delta contains three main distributary channels: the Southern, Northern, and Far Northern Entrances.

These channels are between 5 and 15 meters deep. They are separated by long islands made of sand and mud. These islands are stabilized by thick mangrove vegetation. In the apex area, the islands are constantly changing. They erode and rebuild rapidly, with lateral migration rates reaching up to 150 m/a. The delta is also home to many people and unique wildlife. The islands are flat and covered in fertile alluvial soil. Inhabitants engage in hunting and agriculture, growing crops like sago palm, breadfruit, and sugar cane. One notable resident is the Fly River turtle.

Also called the Pig-nosed turtle, it is the only freshwater turtle with flippers.

European history with the river began in 1845. Francis Blackwood discovered the river while commanding the corvette HMS Fly. The river was named after his ship. Later, in 1876, the Italian explorer Luigi D'Albertis attempted to travel deep into the interior.

He used a steamer named Neva and traveled 900 km inland. This was the furthest any European explorer had reached on the island at that time. His original survey map is still used to study the area today.

Today, the river system faces significant environmental challenges. The Strickland and Ok Tedi Rivers are sources of environmental controversy. This is due to tailings waste from the Porgera and Ok Tedi mines. Tailings are the materials left over after processing ore. In 2008, an advisor claimed that parts of the Fly River floodplain face risks from acid mine drainage. This occurs when minerals in the waste react with water to create acid. While some studies in 1994 found no high copper concentrations in the delta, the impact of mining remains a serious topic of study.