Linux

Linux is a way for computers to work.

It is a large group of tools. Many people work together to build it. This makes it free for anyone to use.

A man named Linus Torvalds started it. It helps many machines run. It is in phones and cars. It is even in space!

Linux helps us do many things every day.

Linux is a way for computers to work. It uses a kernel. A kernel is the main part of an operating system. It helps the computer hardware talk to the software.

Linus Torvalds started this project in 1991. He was a student in Finland. He wanted to make a new kernel. He used tools from the GNU Project to help. This created a full system.

Many people work on Linux together. This is called open source. This means the code is free to see and change. People can make their own versions. We call these versions distributions.

Linux is everywhere. It runs on all 500 fastest supercomputers. It is the main system for web servers. It is also in many smartphones through Android. You can find it in cars and smart TVs. It even works on spacecraft like the Falcon 9 rocket.

Linux is a famous family of operating systems. An operating system is the software that runs a computer. At its heart is the Linux kernel. The kernel is the most important part of the system. It acts like a bridge between the computer hardware and the software.

Most people use Linux through a package called a distribution, or a "distro." A distro takes the kernel and adds other tools to make it a complete system. These tools include things like a display server and a package manager.

How does Linux work for so many different things? It works because it is open source. This means the source code is free for anyone to see and change. People can take the code and build their own versions. This is how thousands of different distributions are made. Some popular ones are Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. Others are used for business, like Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

The story of Linux began with a student named Linus Torvalds. In 1991, he was studying at the University of Helsinki in Finland. He was taking a course about operating systems. He wanted to create his own kernel because he was frustrated with existing ones. He released the first version of his kernel on the internet in 1991.

He later joined forces with the GNU Project. The GNU Project was started by Richard Stallman in 1983. They worked to make sure all the software was free for everyone.

Linux has grown into a massive project with many facts to share. The Linux kernel is one of the largest open source projects in the world. It has been ported to more different platforms than any other operating system. It is used on all 500 of the world's fastest supercomputers.

In the United States, the name Linux is a trademark owned by Linus Torvalds. A study of the Red Hat Linux 7.1 distribution found it had 30 million lines of code. Most of that code was written using a language called C.

You might use Linux every day without even knowing it. It is the main system used for web servers. If you use an Android smartphone, you are using Linux. It is also inside many smart TVs from brands like Samsung and LG. You can even find it in cars made by Tesla and Toyota. It even helps power spacecraft like the Falcon 9 rocket and the Ingenuity Mars helicopter.

Linux is a massive family of open source operating systems. An operating system is the essential software that manages a computer's hardware and allows other programs to run. At the very center of this family is the Linux kernel. The kernel is the core component that acts as a bridge between the physical machine and the software applications.

Linux is famous for being open source, which means its source code is available for anyone to view, modify, and share. This collaborative spirit has made the Linux kernel one of the largest open source projects in existence.

To make a complete and usable system, the kernel is usually packaged into what is called a Linux distribution, or a "distro." A distribution combines the kernel with various supporting tools and libraries provided by third parties. These components include a display server, which manages how windows appear on a screen, and a package manager to handle software installation. Other vital parts include a bootloader to start the system and a Unix shell for user commands.

Because the license is so flexible, anyone can create a new distribution by combining these different parts in their own way.

There are thousands of different Linux distributions available today. Some are designed for everyday desktop users, such as Ubuntu, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Debian. Others are built specifically for professional business environments, including Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise. Some systems, like ChromeOS, are also based on the Linux kernel. While many people simply call these systems "Linux," the Free Software Foundation recommends the name "GNU/Linux." This is to highlight the importance of the GNU software that works alongside the kernel to create a full system.

The history of Linux is a story of finding a missing piece. In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU Project to create a complete, free Unix-compatible operating system. By the early 1990s, the GNU Project had finished many tools, but it was missing a working kernel. At the same time, a student named Linus Torvalds was studying at the University of Helsinki. He was frustrated by the licensing of Minix, a small Unix-like system used for teaching. On 17 September 1991, Torvalds released the first version of his own kernel on the Internet.

Eventually, developers integrated the GNU software with the Linux kernel to create a fully functional, free operating system.

Linux is governed by the GNU General Public License, or GPL. This "copyleft" license is very important because it ensures the software remains free. It requires that anyone who distributes a modified version of the code must also make their source code available to others under the same terms. This prevents the software from becoming private or proprietary. This legal framework allowed Linux to grow rapidly through global collaboration. It made it much easier to create new versions of the system compared to proprietary software like macOS or Microsoft Windows.

The scale of Linux is truly enormous. It has been ported to more different hardware platforms than any other operating system. It is the dominant system for web servers, powering over 96.4% of the top one million servers. It is also used on all 500 of the world's fastest supercomputers. When you combine Linux with Android, which also uses a Linux-based kernel, it becomes the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems.

Even in education, Linux-based ChromeOS is a major force, representing nearly 20% of sub-$300 notebook sales in the United States.

You can find Linux in many surprising places. Beyond computers and smartphones, it runs on "embedded systems," which are tiny, specialized computers built into other devices. It powers routers, smart home gadgets, and televisions made by companies like Samsung and LG. You can even find it in automobiles from Tesla, Audi, and Toyota. Most impressively, Linux is used in space exploration, running on the Falcon 9 rocket, the Dragon crew capsule, and the Ingenuity Mars helicopter.

From massive mainframes to tiny sensors, Linux is a fundamental part of modern technology.