Light rail

Light rail is a type of train for cities.

These trains run on metal tracks. They use electricity to move. Some get power from wires above.

These trains are smaller than big subway trains. They can carry many people. They can also move faster than a bus. Some light rail tracks are on the street. Other tracks are in tunnels.

Light rail helps people get around town. It is a smart way to travel.

Light rail is a way to move people in cities.

These trains run on metal tracks. They are smaller than heavy rail trains. Heavy rail includes big systems like the New York City Subway.

Light rail is very flexible. Some tracks run right on the street. Other tracks have a dedicated right-of-way. This means the tracks are set apart from cars. Some lines even go into tunnels or up on high bridges.

Most light rail vehicles use electricity. They get power from wires hanging above the tracks. A part on top of the train connects to these wires. These trains can also be joined together. This makes a short train to carry more people.

People first used underground tramways in the late 1800s. The term "light rail" started in 1972 in the United States. It was used to describe new, modern streetcar systems.

Since then, many cities around the world have built them. This includes cities in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Light rail is a special way to move people through busy cities.

It uses vehicles that are similar to trams or streetcars. However, these systems are often faster and can carry more people. They are called "light" because they use less heavy infrastructure than big subway systems.

This makes them a very helpful middle ground for travel. They fill the gap between small buses and huge heavy rail trains.

These systems work in many different ways depending on the city. Some tracks run right on the street alongside cars and buses. Other tracks use an exclusive right-of-way, which means they have their own private path.

Some lines even go underground in tunnels or up on high bridges. Most light rail vehicles run on electricity. They get this power from overhead lines using a tool called a pantograph.

Drivers operate the vehicles, and cars can be coupled together to make longer trains.

People have been using rail in cities for a long time. In the late 1800s, cities like New York and Boston began putting tramways underground.

This helped stop the streets from getting too crowded. In the 1960s, a system in Chicago called the Skokie Swift showed new ideas for these trains.

Later, in 1972, the United States officially used the term "light rail" to describe modern systems. This helped people distinguish new trains from old streetcars.

The first new generation of light rail opened in Edmonton, Alberta, in 1978.

These trains used technology from Germany to help them work well. Since then, light rail has grown all over the world. Many cities in North America, like Portland and San Diego, built these systems.

In Europe, cities like Paris and Dublin have them too. Even in Africa and Asia, places like Addis Ababa and Shanghai use light rail to move people.

You might see light rail near things you already know. In some places, it looks just like a streetcar on a normal road. In other cities, it acts more like a subway or a "light metro." It is much faster than a local bus but cheaper to build than a heavy rail subway. This flexibility helps cities choose the best way to move their citizens. Whether it is on a street or in a tunnel, it keeps cities moving smoothly.

Light rail transit, often called LRT, is a specialized form of urban passenger rail. It uses rolling stock, or vehicles, derived from tram technology. However, it also incorporates certain features found in heavy rapid transit systems. The term "light" does not refer to the physical weight of the vehicles. Instead, it refers to the lighter infrastructure and capacity requirements needed. This makes light rail a flexible middle ground for urban transportation. It fills the gap between local bus services and massive heavy rail systems.

These systems function through various modes of operation and track types. A primary distinction is the right-of-way, which is the path the train follows. Some light rail operates in mixed street traffic alongside cars and buses. Other systems use an exclusive right-of-way, meaning they have their own private tracks. Some networks are even fully grade-separated, meaning they do not cross paths with road traffic. When these systems are completely separated from streets, they are called light metros or light rail rapid transit (LRRT).

The vehicles themselves follow specific technical designs to move efficiently. Most light rail vehicles are electric and draw power from overhead lines. They use a device called a pantograph or a trolley pole to connect to these lines. These vehicles are operated by an onboard driver. They can run as individual tramcars or as multiple units coupled together into longer trains. Depending on the design, they may feature high-platform boarding or low-floor boarding for easier access.

History shows that light rail evolved from much older streetcar and tramway systems. In the late 19th century, cities like New York and Boston moved tramways underground to reduce congestion. The Tremont Street subway in Boston, opened in 1897, was a major precursor. Many traditional streetcar systems were closed after the 1950s as investment shifted to cars. However, modern light rail developed largely in postwar West Germany. There, many cities upgraded their existing tram networks into Stadtbahn systems. These "city railroads" featured high-capacity vehicles and dedicated alignments.

The official term "light rail" was introduced in 1972 in the United States. The U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) created the term to describe modernized systems. They wanted an English equivalent for the German word Stadtbahn. The first new generation of light rail in North America opened in Edmonton, Alberta, in 1978. These vehicles were German Siemens-Duewag U2 models. This successful launch inspired many other cities to build similar systems.

Since the 1980s, light rail has expanded globally across many different continents. In North America, the San Diego Trolley became a model after opening in 1981. Between the 1990s and 2010s, the number of U.S. systems roughly doubled. This included expansions in cities like Portland, Los Angeles, and Seattle. In Europe, cities like Nantes and Manchester reopened or built new networks. Expansion has also reached Africa and Asia. For example, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, opened its light rail in 2015.

Light rail is unique because of its extreme operational flexibility. A single line can change its character as it moves through a city. It might run as a tram on a street, then go underground in a tunnel. It could then transition to an elevated viaduct. The Los Angeles Metro Rail's A Line is a notable example of this. It features sections that act as a tramway, a light metro, and rapid transit. This ability to adapt allows cities to move large numbers of people efficiently.