Arnulfo Arias

Arnulfo Arias was a leader in Panama. He was also a doctor. He studied medicine at a big school. He helped women vote for the first time. This was a big change for his land.

Sometimes, it was hard for him to lead. The police and the military took his power. He had to leave his home many times.

He loved his country very much. Even when things were hard, many people liked him. He was a very famous man in Panama.

Arnulfo Arias was a famous leader in Panama. He was also a doctor. He studied medicine at Harvard University. He was a very strong person. He wanted Panama to be its own boss. He did not want the police to have too much power.

Arias served as president three different times. In 1940, he won a big election. He helped women get the right to vote. This was a very important change for Panama. But in 1941, the police removed him from office. This was a coup, which is when a group takes power by force.

Later, Arias ran for president again. He won the election in 1948. However, the military did not let him lead. He was removed from power three times in his life. In 1968, he became president for only eleven days. He had to flee the country to stay safe.

Arias died in 1988 in Florida. Many people in Panama were very sad. They held a big funeral for him. Even after he died, his political party stayed strong. His name is still on schools and streets in Panama today.

Arnulfo Arias Madrid was a very important leader in Panama. He was a medical doctor and a writer too. He was born on August 15, 1901, in Penonomé. His family was very involved in politics. His brother, Harmodio Arias, was also a president of Panama. Arias studied in many places. He went to school in New York City. Later, he studied medicine at Harvard University and the University of Chicago. He became a specialist in things like psychiatry and surgery. He returned to Panama in 1925 to lead a group called Patriotic Communal Action. This group helped start the Panameñista Party.

As a leader, Arias had many big ideas. He was a nationalist, which means he wanted Panama to be independent. He often spoke out against the power of the police. He called their influence a "cancer" on the country. In 1940, he was elected president by a huge number of people. During his first time in office, he did something very important. He passed a new constitution that let women vote for the first time. However, his time as president did not last long. In October 1941, the police used force to remove him from his job.

Throughout his life, Arias faced many hard moments with the military. He tried to lead Panama three different times. In 1948, he won an election, but the military would not let him take his seat. He tried again in 1968 and won. He was only president for eleven days that time. He had to make a quick escape to the Canal Zone to stay safe. During this escape, his son-in-law, Michael J. Merry, helped drive him through military blocks. Later, Arias lived in Miami, Florida, for a while. He even ran for president again in 1984 when he was 83 years old.

History shows that Arias was a person who never gave up. Even when elections were not fair, he remained popular with many people. In 1984, the government changed the election results to pick someone else. This was a very difficult time for his supporters. Arias died of a heart attack on August 10, 1988. He was 87 years old. His wife, Mireya Moscoso, was with him in Florida. Many people in Panama felt great sadness when they heard the news. They held a very large funeral for him in Panama City.

Today, the name Arnulfo Arias is still very famous. His political party, the Panameñista Party, continued to be active in Panama. His wife, Mireya Moscoso, later became the first woman president of Panama. This was a huge milestone for the country. Arias's life shows how much one person can change a nation. You can still see his name on schools and streets in Panama. Even long after he passed away, his impact on his home country remains. His remains were moved to a special place in Penonomé in 2012.

Arnulfo Arias Madrid was a significant figure in Panamanian history. He served as the President of Panama during three different periods. He was a medical doctor, a writer, and a politician. His life was marked by intense struggles with the country's military forces. He often fought to reduce the influence of the police and military in government. These conflicts shaped much of his political career and his personal life.

Arias was born on August 15, 1901, in Penonomé, Coclé Province. His family had deep roots in Panamanian leadership. His brother, Harmodio Arias, also served as President of Panama. Arnulfo received a diverse education starting in his home city. He attended secondary school in New York City. He later studied medicine and surgery at Harvard University and the University of Chicago. He specialized in several medical fields, including psychiatry, obstetrics, and endocrinology.

In 1925, Arias returned to Panama to lead a nationalist group. This group was called Patriotic Communal Action. It grew into what is now known as the Panameñista Party. Arias used this platform to voice discontent regarding United States influence in Panama. In 1931, he led a coup to remove the sitting president. This event helped his brother, Harmodio, eventually become president. Arias also served as Panama's ambassador to Italy during the reign of Benito Mussolini.

Arias was elected president in 1940 with an unprecedented majority. During this first term, he enacted a new constitution. This document was historic because it granted women the right to vote for the first time. However, his presidency was short-lived. In October 1941, the police engineered a coup to remove him from office. Some historians suggest that U.S. President Roosevelt may have supported this removal. This was due to concerns about Arias's previous ties to Italy.

Throughout his life, Arias viewed the police as a "cancer" on the nation. He believed their interference in politics was harmful. In 1948, he won a presidential election but was denied his seat by the military. A year later, the National Assembly declared he had actually won. In 1951, he attempted to restore the 1941 constitution. This led to protests and his impeachment by the legislature. He was eventually overthrown by Colonel José Remón Cantera, the police chief.

Arias won the 1968 election as the leader of a five-party coalition. His third presidency lasted only eleven days. He tried to restructure the command of the National Guard. This move triggered a military coup. He had to make a midnight escape to the Panama Canal Zone to find safety. His son-in-law, Michael J. Merry, helped him drive through military blockades. Arias spent much of his later life in exile in Miami, Florida.

In 1984, at age 83, Arias ran for president again. This campaign was difficult due to a fraudulent book. The book claimed he had arranged a massacre of Jews in 1941. The government, controlled by Manuel Noriega, manipulated the election results. They declared Nicolás Ardito Barletta the winner by only 1,713 votes. Independent observers believed Arias would have won by a massive margin. This event marked the beginning of the Noriega military dictatorship.

Arias died of a heart attack on August 10, 1988, in Miami. His wife, Mireya Moscoso, was by his side. His death caused a period of national mourning in Panama. His supporters held large protests against the military government during his funeral. In 2012, his remains were moved to a special mausoleum in Penonomé. His legacy continues through the Panameñista Party. His wife, Mireya Moscoso, later became the first female President of Panama.