Animal slaughter

People get food from many animals.

We use cows, pigs, and sheep. We also eat birds like chickens.

Animals often travel in big trucks. They can get thirsty or scared on the trip.

People use tools to help animals. Some use tools to make them sleep first. This is called stunning.

One way uses a quick tool on the head. Another way uses a little electric shock.

Some people use gas to help them sleep. This can be used for pigs. It helps them lose consciousness quickly.

After that, the meat is ready. Workers cut the animal into small pieces. This is called butchering.

Many lands have rules for this. These rules help keep things fair. They also help the animals.

People get food from many land animals.

Each year, about 80 billion land animals are slaughtered. Most are used for food. Some are used for their skins, called pelts. People eat cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. They also eat poultry, which means birds like chickens and turkeys.

Animals often travel in trucks to reach a slaughterhouse. This trip can be hard. Animals may get thirsty or feel heat stress. They may also feel fear from the noise.

To help animals, many use a way called stunning. This makes them lose consciousness. One way uses a captive bolt pistol. This is a tool that hits the head. Another way uses electric current. This can be used on sheep or cows. Some people use gas, like carbon dioxide, for pigs. In the past, people used blunt tools. Doctors like Benjamin Ward Richardson worked to find kinder ways. He wanted to stop animal pain. Now, many countries have laws to keep animals safe.

Every year, about 80 billion land animals are slaughtered. Most of these animals are used for food. People also use animals for their pelts, which are skins. Some animals are killed because they are sick or extra.

Common animals used for food include cattle, water buffalo, and pigs. People also eat sheep, goats, and rabbits. Poultry, like chickens and turkeys, are very common too. Even insects like the house cricket are used for food.

Before the final steps, animals often travel in trucks. This journey can be a hard job for them. Animals might suffer from dehydration because they lack water. They can also feel stress from loud noises or jolting. Some animals may feel too hot or too cold. This is called temperature stress. They might even get bruises or torn skin from rough handling.

To make the process kinder, people use stunning. Stunning is a way to make an animal unconscious. One way is using an electric current. This can be used on sheep, goats, or cattle. Another way is using a captive bolt pistol on the head.

Some pigs are put in a chamber with carbon dioxide gas. This gas helps them lose consciousness in 13 to 30 seconds. After stunning, the animal is killed by cutting a vein or artery. This part is called exsanguination.

People have used sharp blades for a very long time. In the past, some used blunt tools to hit animals. This was often very painful. A doctor named Benjamin Ward Richardson wanted to change this. He worked to find more humane methods. In 1853, he designed a chamber that used gas. He also started the Model Abattoir Society in 1882.

Many groups have worked to make these rules better. In 1911, the Humane Slaughter Association started in England. They helped pass the Slaughter of Animals Act in 1933. This law made certain stunning methods required for cows and pigs. Today, different countries have their own rules. In Canada, the CFIA checks that animals are handled humanely. In Europe, many rules are the same for all member countries.

Animal slaughter refers to the killing of domestic livestock. It is a massive global process that occurs every year. Scientists estimate that 80 billion land animals are slaughtered annually. While most animals are processed for food, others are killed for different reasons. Some animals are harvested for their pelts, which are animal skins. Others are killed because they are diseased or are surplus to the breeding stock.

The process usually begins with dressing the carcass. Dressing involves making initial cuts to open the major body cavities. This allows workers to remove the entrails and offal, which are the internal organs. Usually, the carcass is left in one piece during this stage. This can happen in a slaughterhouse or in the field, which is called field dressing. After dressing, the carcass is typically butchered into smaller, specific cuts for use.

Many different species are involved in this industry. Cattle and water buffalo are among the most common animals slaughtered for food. Other frequent subjects include sheep, goats, pigs, deer, horses, and rabbits. Poultry, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese, are also widely processed. Even insects, like the commercial house cricket, are included in this category. In the aquaculture industry, fish are increasingly being slaughtered for food production.

Global production numbers vary significantly by region and species. In 2020, Faunalytics reported that China, the United States, and Brazil slaughter the most cows and chickens. For pigs, China leads the world, followed by the United States, Germany, Spain, Vietnam, and Brazil. Sheep slaughter is highest in China, followed by Australia and New Zealand. When measuring fish production in tonnes, the highest amounts come from China, Indonesia, Peru, India, Russia, and the United States.

Before slaughter, animals often undergo a period of transport that can cause significant suffering. Animals may experience dehydration, which leads to thirst, nausea, and loss of coordination. They often face emotional stress from unfamiliarity and loud noises in transport trucks. Temperature stress is another risk, as animals may suffer from extreme heat or hypothermia. Rough handling can also cause torn skin, bruising, and inflammation. Furthermore, animals may suffer from sickness or fecal soiling during their journey.

To address these concerns, modern methods focus on stunning the animal first. Stunning is the process of rendering an animal unconscious. Electrical stunning uses an electric current across the brain or heart. Gaseous stunning uses carbon dioxide (CO2) to cause asphyxiation. In some cases, pigs enter a chamber with 80% to 90% CO2 and lose consciousness within 13 to 30 seconds. Another method is the captive bolt pistol, which is applied to the head.

History shows a long evolution toward more humane practices. Historically, people used sharpened blades or blunt instruments to kill livestock. This was often very painful for the animals. In the 19th century, physician Benjamin Ward Richardson campaigned for better methods. He designed a gas chamber in 1853 and founded the Model Abattoir Society in 1882. The Humane Slaughter Association was established in England in 1911 to improve these processes. By 1933, the Slaughter of Animals Act made mechanical and electrical stunning compulsory for certain animals.

Today, various national laws govern how these processes must occur. In the European Union, regulations like CE 853/2004 harmonize sanitary and welfare checks. In Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) ensures that all food animals are handled humanely. The United Kingdom is governed by the Department for Environment, Food, Rural Affairs (Defra). These systems aim to manage the complex intersection of food production, animal welfare, and public health.